El objetivo de nuestra investigación es determinar el impacto de demanda de trabajo y recursos psicológicos en el desempeño profesional. Fue evaluada la calidad laboral según instrumentos validados y establecida su normalidad. Tenemos que los recursos psicológicos y demanda de trabajo impactan en el desempeño profesional con una correlación múltiple de Pearson de 0.91. La correlación de Pearson entre calidad laboral y desempeño profesional fue de 0.69 y p valor de 0.004. La correlación de Spearman entre recursos psicológicos y desempeño (...) profesional fue de 0.735 y p valor de 0.002. (shrink)

This paper develops computational models to monitor patients with hip replacement surgery. The Kinect camera is used to capture the movements of patients who are performing rehabilitation exercises with both lower limbs, specifically, ‘side step’ and ‘knee lift’ with each leg. The information is measured at 25 body points with their respective coordinates. Features selection algorithms are applied to the 75 attributes of the initial and final position vector of each rehab exercise. Different classification techniques have been tested and Bayesian (...) networks, supervised classifier system and genetic algorithm with neural network have been selected and jointly applied to identify the correct and incorrect movements during the execution of the rehabilitation exercises. Besides, prediction models of the evolution of a patient are developed based on the average values of some motion related variables. These models can help to fasten the recovery of these patients. (shrink)

El presente artículo se propone analizar el par conceptual “privatismo civil / politización de la sociedad”. El objetivo es cuestionar si una de las formas concretas que adoptan hoy los procesos de repolitización de la sociedad civil, a saber, el llamado politainment y la sentimentalización del relato político, constituye o no una superación del privatismo civil. Para ello reconstruiremos primero la aparición del privatismo civil en el capitalismo tardío. En segundo lugar, analizaremos el surgimiento de esa conciencia ciudadana participativa que (...) tiene su germen en los movimientos sociales de protesta postmaterialistas de finales de los sesenta. En tercer lugar, estudiaremos los procesos de sentimentalización y espectacularización del relato político. Sobre la base de este recorrido, en último lugar argumentaremos en contra de la tesis de una superación del privatismo civil. (shrink)

Pesquisa qualitativa : conceitos básicos -- Pesquisa qualitativa : apilcações nos estudos rurais -- Pesquisa qualitativa : apilcações nos estudos urbanos -- Pesquisa qualitativa : apilcações em outros estudos geográficos.

Background: The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a shortage of qualified nurses in Spain. As a result, the government authorized the hiring of senior students. Objectives: To explore the ethical dilemmas and ethical conflicts experienced by final-year nursing students who worked during the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Research design: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted using purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were carried out using a question guide. Interviews took place via a private video chat (...) room platform. A thematic, inductive analysis was performed of the information gathered. Participants and research context: Eighteen nursing students were recruited from two universities of Madrid, aged between 18 and 65 years old, enrolled in the fourth year of nursing studies and who were hired under a relief contract for health professionals during the pandemic. Ethical considerations: The present study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. Results: Three specific themes emerged: (a) coping with patient triage, (b) difficulties in providing end-of-life care, and (c) coping with patient death. Nursing students participated in the process of patient selection for resource allocation and ICU bed occupancy. They were shown how to care for patients who were not admitted to the ICU, in their last moments and were faced with the difficulties of applying end-of-life care. Finally, the nursing students were confronted with the death of their patients, in overwhelming numbers and under adverse conditions. Conclusions: These findings can help shed light on the ethical dilemmas and ethical conflicts faced by novice nursing students, incorporated into the workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, it was described that students may normalize the death due to the exhaustion and overwhelmed routine. (shrink)

Background: Pain has been associated with structural changes of the brain. However, evidence regarding white matter changes in response to acute pain protocols is still scarce. In the present study, we assess the existence of differences in brain white matter related to pain intensity reported by patients undergoing surgical removal of a mandibular impacted third molar using diffusion tensor imaging analysis.Methods: 30 participants reported their subjective pain using a visual analog scale at three postsurgical stages: under anesthesia, in pain, and (...) after the administration of an analgesic. The diffusion data were acquired prior to surgery.Results: DTI analysis yielded significant positive associations of fractional anisotropy in white matter areas related to pain processing with the differences in pain between the three postsurgery stages. Extent and location of these associations depended on the magnitude of the subjective pain differences. Tractography analysis indicated that some pain–tract associations are significant only when pain stage is involved in the contrast, while others are only when anesthesia is involved in the contrast.Conclusions: The association of white matter fractional anisotropy and connectivity, measured before the pain stages, with subjective pain depends on the magnitude of the differences in pain scores. (shrink)

Burnout syndrome and obesity are two growing conditions that affect employees’ health and company productivity. Recently, several studies have pointed to a possible relationship between both phenomena. However, such a relationship has not been clearly defined. This research analyzes the relationship between BS dimensions and body mass index, the latter being treated as a moderator variable among obese senior and middle managers in the Mexican maquiladora industry through a structural equation model. A total of 361 senior and middle managers completed (...) both the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey [with emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy as subscale dimensions] and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between EE and PE, with BMI acting as a moderator variable. The results showed that when BMI increases as a moderator variable, the strength of the relationship between EE and PE also changes. For example, although PE had a negative value of 0.14 before the moderator effect, the value increased up to 0.32 when the BMI was factored into the relationship. Therefore, maquiladora industries are being advised to increase their investments on the identification and prevention of employees’ EE and obesity. Such interventions would promote a better quality of life and could prevent economic losses resulting from poor employee performance. (shrink)

In this research, a sliding mode regulator with sine mapping is suggested for the stabilization of electricity generators being affected by magnet interaction nonlinearities and generator nonlinearities. To reach this goal, our suggested regulator has the following contributions: it starts from the sliding mode regulator with the modifications that the saturation mapping is used to reach a smoother performance instead of the signum mapping, and the sine mapping is applied to reach an upper bound in the proportional gain error, it (...) is used to reach some chosen constant behaviors for the angle position, angle speed, and current in the electricity generators, and its stabilization is ensured based on the Lyapunov approach. We show the simulation of the suggested regulator in two electricity generators. (shrink)

IntroductionRheumatologists are the primary healthcare professionals responsible for patients with rheumatic diseases and should acquire medical ethical competencies, such as the informed consent process (ICP). The objective clinical structured examination is a valuable tool for assessing clinical competencies. We report the performance of 90 rheumatologist trainees participating in a station designed to evaluate the ICP during the 2018 and 2019 national accreditations.MethodsThe station was validated and represented a medical encounter in which the rheumatologist informed a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (...) with clinically active nephritis about renal biopsy. A trained patient–actor and an evaluator were instructed to assess ICP skills (with a focus on kidney biopsy benefits, how the biopsy is done and potential complications) in obtaining formal informed consent, delivering bad news and overall communication with patients. The evaluator used a tailored checklist and form.ResultsCandidate performance varied with ICP content and was superior for potential benefit information (achieved by 98.9% of the candidates) but significantly reduced for potential complications (37.8%) and biopsy description (42.2%). Only 17.8% of the candidates mentioned the legal perspective of ICP. Death (as a potential complication) was omitted by the majority of the candidates (93.3%); after the patient–actor challenged candidates, only 57.1% of them gave a clear and positive answer. Evaluators frequently rated candidate communications skills as superior (≥80%), but ≥1 negative aspect was identified in 69% of the candidates.ConclusionsEthical competencies are mandatory for professional rheumatologists. It seems necessary to include an ethics competency framework in the curriculum throughout the rheumatology residency. (shrink)

The Purpose in Life Test is a measure of purpose in life widely used in many cultures and countries; however, cross-cultural assessments are scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the PIL in the general population of seven Latin American countries. A total of 4306 people participated, selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling, where Uruguay has the highest mean age ; while Ecuador has the lowest mean age. Furthermore, in each country, there is a higher proportion (...) of women than men. Using Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the factorial structure does not show evidence of invariance among the included countries. However, based on the Multi-Group Factor Analysis Alignment, there is evidence that a three-dimensional structure of the PIL is the same in the participating countries. Results based on item response theory indicate that most PIL items can significantly differentiate responses according to the level of life purpose. In addition, people with low life purpose will tend to choose the lower response alternatives on the PIL; while people with higher life purpose will choose higher response alternatives. The findings indicate that the PIL has the potential to increase knowledge about how people conceive and experience their purpose in life in different countries. (shrink)

Trilce (1922) se ha caracterizado por contar con múltiples filiaciones artísticas propias de la vanguardia europea. Los estudios de la crítica literaria han permitido clasificar cuál es la procedencia de cada recurso estilístico que se usa para los poemas. Esta labor se ha realizado de forma independiente. Sin embargo, ha quedado inconcluso cuál es el soporte temático que rige la universalidad de su composición. En ese sentido, el objetivo de mi trabajo es orientar esos elementos externos hacia una lógica patrocinada (...) por la cosmovisión esperanzadora del autor. Ese optimismo sería esencial para entender la configuración de sus versos. Para demostrar eso, consideraré la biografía del escritor peruano, su contexto, la vanguardia, sus tópicos frecuentes y las investigaciones de la exégesis. Esos abordajes serán de utilidad para concatenar esa propuesta implícita que suscita la comprensión de la volición autónoma e innovadora de César Vallejo. (shrink)

Trilce (1922), poemario del escritor peruano César Vallejo, se publicó durante un período en el que se difundían obras literarias caracterizadas por el vanguardismo; es decir, lo irracional, lo ilógico, lo incomprensible y lo innovador. La forma predomina sobre el fondo o el contenido, ya que se instaura un metalenguaje que identifica al autor de este tipo de creación literaria. Desde entonces, la crítica literaria ha investigado en función de este libro como propuesta, del cual he destacado cinco modalidades (...) que comprenden la totalidad de las líneas temáticas que abordan sus investigaciones: la sintaxis, el nuevo lenguaje, el carácter innovador, las influencias y el vanguardismo. Estos principios son corroborados a manera de comparación, diferenciación y crítica. Finalmente, el objetivo de este artículo es reconocer los postulados reincidentes y expositivos de este texto para conseguir una clasificación al respecto y delimitar los tópicos elaborados y los que restan hacer. (shrink)

En el Perú, el 2021 se ha caracterizado por una presencia significativa de inestabilidad política; principalmente, por la lucha mediática y pretenciosa que emprendió la candidata de ultraderecha, Keiko Fujimori, por asumir el poder y negar cualquier medio legítimo que optara el actual presidente de la República, Pedro Castillo. A ello, se le añadió el impacto negativo que dejó la pandemia del COVID-19 en los distintos ámbitos; en especial, en el económico. En ese contexto, la entrevista hecha al inversionista Julio (...) César Galarreta Koicheoski busca dilucidar aquellos medios alternativos, legales y eficaces que existen para que los ciudadanos no resulten afectados. Una de sus alternativas consiste en el negocio que él está desarrollando con respecto a los préstamos que se realizan en las casas de empeño, sin que para ello se asuman riesgos mayores. Esta modalidad es muy diferente de la que emplean los bancos, las financieras, las cajas o las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito, puesto que sus clientes no requieren un historial crediticio favorable, como el de figurar en Infocorp con una calificación indeseable o el de tener préstamos impagados. Más bien, necesitan contar con un artículo que posea un valor dentro del mercado contemporáneo. La valuación, la cotización y los intereses del mismo se producirán a partir de esa lógica, con la finalidad de que exista un beneficio mutuo entre el cliente y la casa de empeño. La dinámica económica que oscila en esta conversación resulta neurálgica, merced a que brinda al lector una información que le permitirá conocer los medios a los que puede acceder para obtener un préstamo en caso de que tenga dificultades al solicitarlo en las formas tradicionales. (shrink)

César Ernesto Arenas Ulloa nació el 15 de septiembre de 1988 en Chiclayo (Lambayeque, Perú). Realizó estudios literarios en la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, hasta obtener el grado de licenciado. En el 2012, obtuvo un reconocimiento académico por ocupar el primer puesto a nivel de toda la escuela de Literatura. En el 2018, presentó su tesis titulada Autonomía y especificidad de la obra dramática: una lectura semiológica de El sistema Solar de Mariana de Althaus. Asimismo, tiene intereses (...) en el teatro peruano, el psicoanálisis y la escritura. Ha sido docente de Lenguaje en diversas universidades privadas de Lima. Ha publicado en revistas indexadas, así como ha participado en congresos y proyectos financiados. Actualmente, vive y estudia en Italia. (shrink)

El presente trabajo analiza los poemas «III» y «XXVIII» de Trilce (1922) del escritor peruano César Vallejo, considerando que su temática aborda la composición idealizada de la familia desde una posición desfavorable para el yo poético y que, al establecerse de esa manera, logra la perlocución en el lector (lo persuade y lo convence de una realidad específica). Esta configuración semántica se demuestra mediante el análisis del discurso retórico, investigado por C. Fernández Cozman, que adopta los postulados de G. (...) Lakoff y M. Johnson, que recurren a conceptos macro (megametáforas) y micro (metáforas específicas), imprescindibles para la formación de la clasificación tipológica, dispuesta en metáforas orientacionales, ontológicas y estructurales. Igualmente, se confronta con planteamientos asociados, como los de los interlocutores, la cosmovisión y la interdiscursividad. (shrink)

El poemario Trilce (1922), caracterizado por su vanguardismo, innovó por medio de transgresiones de lo tradicional, propicias por significaciones irracionales y formalismos poco comunes. Desde allí, la literatura se ha desarrollado exponencialmente y la exégesis literaria ha obtenido propuestas teóricas que garantizan la calidad de sus interpretaciones discursivas. Al respecto, he efectuado una clasificación bibliográfica de los temas frecuentes del estado de la cuestión. Opto por el análisis semántico, junto con la hermenéutica y la teoría consolidadas en el texto. El (...) propósito de este artículo es corroborar los diversos postulados en torno a esta obra literaria, para la construcción de vertientes temáticas que permitan configurar la cosmovisión del poeta. (shrink)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprobar que en Trilce es inconcluso delimitar el campo retórico. Este concepto desarrollado por Stefano Arduini comprende la labor de establecer de forma organizada y perlocutiva el entorno y las influencias que propiciaron la creación del poemario. En ese sentido, ese trabajo es de utilidad para fijar los parámetros y el contexto que servirán para erigir la ideología o la poética de un determinado escritor, así como si se piensa realizar un análisis posterior de cualquiera (...) de sus textos. No obstante, se demostrará que esa taxonomía resulta insuficiente por el mismo lenguaje del autor. (shrink)

RESUMEN Se interroga la atencionalidad propia del amor en cuanto que experiencia privilegiada y primordial del cuidado. En busca de un acceso al fenómeno del amor, se propone interrogarlo conforme al tipo de atención que promueve, asumiendo y discutiendo los recursos aportados por la fenomenología husserliana, así como por las fenomenologías contraintencionales, en particular la de Waldenfels. De este modo, si para describir este fenómeno es preciso dar cuenta del fundamento afectivo de la atención, también hay que reconocer que el (...) amor es vivido como un hecho original o un acontecimiento que implica para el amante una reorientación existencial y atencional. ABSTRACT The article inquires into the attentionality inherent to love as a privileged and primordial experience of care. Seeking access to the phenomenon of love, we suggest inquiring into it according to the type of attention it promotes, drawing on and discussing the resources provided by Husserlian phenomenology, as well as by counter-intentional phenomenologies, particularly Waldenfels'. Thus, while it is necessary to account for the affective grounds of attention in order to describe this phenomenon, it is also essential to recognize that love is experienced as an original fact or as an event that entails an existential and attentional reorientation of the lover. (shrink)

Populism is described in this volume as an umbrella term covering a number of commonly seen political phenomena, i.e. ‘American populism, Russian Narodniki, European agrarian movements, and Argenti...

O artigo analisa o filme Sandino, o último dirigido pelo chileno Miguel Littín no exílio. A narrativa fílmica tenta fazer uma monumentalização do líder revolucionário Augusto César Sandino. No enredo, o protagonista organiza a resistência armada contra os militares norte-americanos em território nicaraguense; porém, com a saída das tropas estrangeiras, o líder foi assassinado a mando de Anastasio Somoza García. Pretendemos analisar o filme de Miguel Littín e verificar de que maneira o enredo está dialogando com um (...) duplo contexto: a crise do « socialismo real » e a transição democrática no Chile. Como hipótese, acreditamos que a película procura uma inspiração revolucionária e antiimperialista nas lutas políticas no passado latino-americano, representadas na atuação de Sandino na resistência armada aos Estados Unidos. Ao mesmo tempo, Sandino procurou manter viva uma imagem autoritária e antidemocrática das Forças Armadas da América Latina, enquanto a elite política do Chile « negociou » a transição democrática com os militares. (shrink)

Los orígenes de la APS y de la Política de SALUD PARA TODOS se remontan al siglo XVIII y al movimiento de Medicina Social de 1848. Del siglo XX se destacan las experiencias pioneras de los años 30-50s. Entre ellas, Chile, Saskachewa (Canadá), EUA, Suráfrica, con Henry Sigerist, Sidney Kark, Salvador Allende, Gustavo Molina, trabajos pioneros de la medicina y la epidemiologia social vinculados a los del antropólogo Benjamin Paul. Así como personajes menos reconocidos en APS especialmente el italiano Franco (...) Basaglia transformador de la atención psiquiátrica y sanitaria con los principios de libertad terapéutica. A éstas están articuladas numerosas y desconocidas experiencias en América Latina y Colombia con Héctor Abad Gómez, Santiago Rengifo y César Uribe Piedrahita por el proceso de “Renovación de APS” de la OPS. En Latinoamérica, las luchas por la salud estaban articuladas a la luchas por una sociedad justa, con personajes como Ernesto Guevara desde la medicina, Paulo Freire en pedagogía, teología y filosofía de la liberación, y el sociólogo colombiano Camilo Torres, que aportaron metodologías cualitativas en la investigación en salud, los que junto aportes de integración como el Desarrollo a Escala Humana, consideran a los servicios sanitarios como elementos principales en la vida de las personas, y aportan a la construcción transdisciplinar e intersectorial de la salud para nuestro hoy. (shrink)

In this article, we scrutinize views that justify exclusionary policies regarding transgender athletes based primarily on physiological criteria. We introduce and examine some elements that deserve...

This article aims to highlight the productivity of falsehood in the context of its asymmetrical position with truth. The core of the discussion can be summarized in the following statement: if only truths can be drawn from truths, it cannot be said that truth cannot be drawn from falsehood. The central thesis of the text is that the asymmetrical behavior of falsehood promotes the dissociation between the criterion (based on the conservation of truth) and the field of validity so that (...) the latter, broader than the former, incorporates the movement not only from truth to truth, but also from falsehood to falsehood and, above all, from falsehood to truth. The distinction between the symmetrical and asymmetrical fields allows understanding, for example, the emergence of certain logical fallacies, the separation between demonstration and deduction, the thesis of Popperian fallibilism, and the use of the hypothetical-deductive method. Truth does not have functions analogous to those of falsehood. (shrink)

We discuss the bearing of Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky's Prospect Theory on some central issues in ethics. It has been argued that the theory provides a better explanation of our intuitive responses to some important ethical decision cases—like some famous cases put by Philippa Foot and others—than traditional and widely acknowledged ethical principles do. In this way, Prospect Theory contributes to the new wave of skepticism, emanating from the social sciences, about the role of intuitive judgments in ethical theory (...) and philosophy more generally. We focus on Kahneman and Tversky's famous Asian Disease Problem. We show that the case fails to support Prospect Theory over traditional ethical theory as an explanation of the most common intuitive responses to the case, and, moreover, fails as an account of the most common intuitive responses to Foot's famous trolley case and related cases. We maintain that careful critical attention to all these cases shows that Prospect Theory has not made a successful incursion into ethics, whatever it may have established about non-ethical decision-making. (shrink)

Organized youth sport has become a prominent activity in Western societies, one around which myriad families structure their daily lives. Despite its popularity, or rather because of it, youth sport is besotted with complex problems. One distinctive set of problems pertains to children’s opportunities to benefit from engagement in sport. Such problems require a reflection on the conditions of justice. The goal of this paper is to explore ethical guidelines to make youth sport more just. The paper begins by characterizing (...) childhood, youth, and youth sport. Then, it articulates considerations of justice in youth sport. Together, these sections provide a basis to formulate the general features of a just youth sport. What emerges is a vision of youth sport that the adults involved in it should emphasize and implement if their young charges, and youth sport, are to flourish, as well as a novel approach to formulating and justifying normative criteria to make youth sport more just. (shrink)

One important limitation of the current renditions of interpretivism is that its emphasis on the moral dimension of sport has overlooked the aesthetic dimension lying at the core of this account of sport. The interpretivist’s failure to acknowledge and consider the aesthetic implicitly distances this realm from the moral. Marcia Muelder Eaton calls this distancing the separatist mistake. This paper argues that interpretivism presupposes not only moral but also aesthetic principles and values. What it sets out to demonstrate is that (...) interpretivism is an integralist, or nonseparatist, account of sport, one in which ethical and aesthetic values are not exclusive. Making explicit and specifying interpretivism’s combined moral-aesthetic approach to sport not only helps to better distinguish the whole range of values that make up sport as well as their interconnection but also encourages sportspeople to pursue more coherent sport and, thus, more enriching lives. (shrink)

O pensamento de Hume pode ser comparado ao dos céticos modernos em muitos aspectos. Com relação ao tópico da racionalidade dos animais, Hume parece seguir de perto a leitura de alguns céticos modernos e se afastar consideravelmente da de Descartes. Por outro lado, diferente de filósofos como Montaigne, Charron e La Mothe Le Vayer, Hume não tinha por finalidade colocar a racionalidade humana num nível próximo dos animais para apenas provar a fraqueza do intelecto diante do desconhecido, mas intentava comparar (...) o nosso modo de proceder ao do animal para avaliar, com mais precisão, as suas teorias acerca da natureza humana. Neste artigo analiso o modo como os primeiros céticos da modernidade trataram da questão da razão dos animais e o comparo com as ideias de Hume sobre o assunto, sem deixar de mencionar as contribuições de Descartes e de Pierre Bayle. (shrink)

The first goal of this paper is to reply to a number of criticisms levied by Gunnar Breivik and Robert L. Simon against an account of sporting skills I published almost 20 years ago in which I distinguished between constitutive and restorative skills and examined their normative significance. To accomplish this goal, I first summarize my characterization and classification of skills and then detail the criticisms. After responding to the latter, and thus reconsidering and hopefully strengthening my account of skill (...) in sport, I turn my attention to Scott Kretchmar and Tim Elcombe’s inquiry into the skills involved in competitive sport. These authors claim that contesting skills demand the same respect usually accorded to testing skills. The second goal of this paper is then to explore Kretchmar and Elcombe’s inquiry under the light of my reconsidered analysis of skill. I specifically advocate a plausible relationship, both in terms of their distinctive character and relative import, between testing and contesting skills and constitutive and restorative skills. In doing so, I seek to present a more comprehensive account of skill in non-competitive and competitive sport. (shrink)

The field of numerical cognition provides a fairly clear picture of the processes through which we learn basic arithmetical facts. This scientific picture, however, is rarely taken as providing a response to a much‐debated philosophical question, namely, the question of how we obtain number knowledge, since numbers are usually thought to be abstract entities located outside of space and time. In this paper, I take the scientific evidence on how we learn arithmetic as providing a response to the philosophical question (...) of how we obtain number knowledge. I reject the view that numbers are abstract entities located outside of space and time and, alternatively, derive from the scientific evidence a novel account of the nature of numbers. In this account, numbers are reifications of the counting procedure and arithmetic statements are seen as describing the functioning of counting and calculation techniques. (shrink)

The great ideological cliché of our time, César Rendueles argues in Sociophobia, is the idea that communication technologies can support positive social dynamics and improve economic and political conditions. We would like to believe that the Internet has given us the tools to overcome modernity's practical dilemmas and bring us into closer relation, but recent events show how technology has in fact driven us farther apart. Named one of the ten best books of the year by Babelia El País, (...) Sociophobia looks at the root causes of neoliberal utopia's modern collapse. It begins by questioning the cyber-fetishist dogma that lulls us into thinking our passive relationship with technology plays a positive role in resolving longstanding differences. Rendueles claims that the World Wide Web has produced a diminished rather than augmented social reality. In other words, it has lowered our expectations with respect to political interventions and personal relations. In an effort to correct this trend, Rendueles embarks on an ambitious reassessment of our antagonistic political traditions to prove that post-capitalism is not only a feasible, intimate, and friendly system to strive for but also essential for moving past consumerism and political malaise. (shrink)

Nos anos 1970s, Hilary Putnam defendeu a tese que designadores de espécies naturais, como “água”, “tigre” e “ouro”, são termos indexicais que mudam de significado a cada contexto. No entanto, Tyler Burge rejeitou essa tese, e Putnam veio a adotar a posição de Burge. A rejeição de Burge está apoiada na distinção entre crenças de dicto e crenças de re. Nesse artigo veremos os pontos de contato entre as posições de Putnam e Burge, a posição de Putnam nos anos 1970s, (...) os principais argumentos de Burge contra a tese da indexicalidade dos designadores de espécies naturais e a diferença entre crenças de dicto e crenças de re. (shrink)

Affiliation with a scientific area or degree program could affect one´s religious beliefs and acceptance of evolution; however, this issue has been poorly studied. Moreover, little information is available regarding Chilean university scientists’ views on religion and evolution. This study aims to provide the first documentation of the opinion of scientists at a Chilean University with regard to religion and evolution. This was done by conducting a personal survey of first and last year undergraduate students, graduate students, and faculty. We (...) found that nonreligiosity, as well as acceptance of Darwinian evolution, increased with possession of an advanced degree and this correlation was stronger for individuals who study biology and physics in comparison to those who study chemistry. Although less than 30 percent of undergraduate students are atheists/agnostics, more than 70 percent of faculty members are atheist or agnostic. However, most of the surveyed scientists did not see a conflict between science and religion. (shrink)

Singer’s much-discussed replaceability argument states that non-self-conscious animals may be killed and replaced by new animals that will lead equally valuable lives. If sound, this argument can be used to justify the cycle of raising and killing animals for food. Thus, many have argued that Singer’s theory, and utilitarianism in general, while committed to this argument, offers inadequate protection to animals. However, some utilitarians reject the argument and Singer himself was rather tentative in preventing its additional application to self-conscious beings. (...) This tension, within utilitarianism, about how to best deal with the argument is the core of what I call ‘the problem of replaceability’. My main goal here is to provide a precise description of this problem. Firstly, I distinguish between the general question of replacement permissibility and the specific question of whether (a certain version of) utilitarianism implies the replaceability argument. Focusing on the specific question I set the problem apart from other known objections to utilitarianism, like the value receptacles objection and some replacement-like difficulties. I also compare two versions of the replaceability argument and advance a better one. Finally, I point out how different interpretations of the argument affect the way out of the problem. I hope this understanding of the problem offers helpful insight to possible solutions and to further investigate its importance to animal food production and animals’ moral status. (shrink)

El artículo se propone indagar en el influjo que la cultura griega tiene sobre el pensador alemán, en particular destacando la importancia que adquiere la filosofía anterior a la aparición del idealismo platónico. Primero, se exploran algunos factores que el joven Nietzsche obtiene en las incursiones de sus particulares investigaciones filológicas, en un proceso de transformación espiritual que lo conduce con resolución hacia el ámbito de la filosofía. Luego, se destaca la aplicación de estos hallazgos como coordenadas de referencia para (...) la aproximación que realiza de los presocráticos, en la línea de inspiración creativa utilizándolos como acicate para la superación y modelos para el desarrollo de una auténtica filosofía como forma de vida. Finalmente, se establecen los elementos del bagaje griego que asimila y procesa el Nietzsche maduro para el envite de su propia propuesta sediciosa, luego sintetizada como «filosofía de Dioniso». (shrink)

El artículo se propone indagar en la concepción de la «realidad» que tiene la sofística, como referente fundamental para entender mejor su propuesta crítica ante el avance que en esa época está teniendo la «filosofía dogmática» de tipo metafísica. En particular centrando el análisis en la invectiva que al respecto realiza Gorgias de Leontinos en los fragmentos conservados de dos de sus obras fundamentales: el tratado De lo que no es o de la naturaleza y el discurso Encomio de Helena. (...) Aquí se considera que esta es una posible ruta que permite reconstruir parte de su sediciosa propuesta filosófica. El núcleo fundamental que impulsa la reflexión gorgiana es la infranqueable distancia que separa la concepción de una supuesta «realidad en sí» del pensamiento y lenguaje; ante esta prerrogativa es factible entender el poder que le atribuye al logos para influir en las almas y acciones de los seres humanos, pero también en la capacidad del discurso para «hacer diciendo»; en este sentido perfila su perspectiva extrema de que las palabras estrictamente humanas en su fuerza performativa hacen factible «crear la realidad». (shrink)